Antibodies to endomysium and gliadin IgG

• The test material is blood.
• The patient does not need to be fasting.About 30 minutes before the test it is advisable to drink a glass of water.

Do not eliminate gluten-containing foods from your diet before the test.

This is a serological test that detects autoantibodies associated with celiac disease (visceral disease) and several other gluten-related diseases. These tests detect autoantibodies that are produced in the body in response to food proteins (gluten and gliadin) present in cereals (wheat, rye and barley). These autoantibodies cause intestinal inflammation and destruction of the intestinal mucosa. This results in symptoms of malabsorption and malnutrition, such as diarrhea, weakness, weight loss, abdominal pain, bloating, exhaustion, mouth ulcers, a tendency to bleeding, bone and joint pain and anemia (anemia). Adults may be depressed and have a general sense of illness, while children are often restless and show delayed growth and development.

Determination of antibodies to gliadin and endomysium (reticulin) is performed to confirm the diagnosis of gluten enteropathy (in children - celiac disease, in adults - non-tropical Sprue) and Dermatitis herpetiformis Duhring (chronic skin disorder characterized by blistering). It should also be performed among blood patients with celiac disease to detect a predisposition to gluten enteropathy. In addition, the evaluation of these antibodies is suitable for monitoring the course of the disease, supervision of a gluten-free diet and gluten load testing.

Antibodies to gliadin and endomysium of the IgA class are practically absent in healthy people and those suffering from other intestinal diseases, and their prevalence among untreated people with gluten enteropathy is nearly 100%.

The following serological tests detecting specific autoantibodies are used to diagnose celiac disease:

"Anti-tissue transglutaminase (anti-tTG) antibodies in IgA class

"Anti-endomysial antibodies (anti-EmA) in IgA class

"Anti-gliadin antibodies (AGA) in IgG and IgA classes

All serological tests used to diagnose celiac disease allow to determine the concentration of relevant autoantibodies in IgG and IgA classes in the blood.
IgG and IgA are two of the five classes of antibodies produced by the immune system in response to the presence of antigens.
Although both IgG and IgA antibodies are present in the blood, they are not equally specific for celiac disease.
Most often, IgA class autoantibodies are more specific and in some cases only IgA tests are performed.
IgG testing is ordered either as a complement to IgA testing or in patients with a general deficiency of IgA antibodies.
IgA deficiency happens in celiac disease in about 2% of cases and can cause false-negative serologic test results.

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