Chlamydia pneumoniae IgA

• The material for testing is blood.
• The patient does not need to fast. It is recommended to drink a glass of water approximately 30 minutes before the examination.

Chlamydia pneumoniae (C. pneumoniae) is an intracellular human pathogen, a small, gram-negative bacterium that multiplies in epithelial cells, as well as in macrophages and muscle cells of the atherosclerotic aorta. It is the most common Chlamydiaceae species in the population, causing an increasing number of acute and chronic infections in recent years. In most cases, it causes asymptomatic infection, but it is also the etiological agent of atypical pneumonia, as well as bronchitis and upper respiratory tract infections. The main clinical manifestations of infection include rhinitis, sinusitis, otitis media, pharyngitis, bronchitis, and atypical pneumonia with a nonproductive (dry) cough and vague auscultatory symptoms. Primary infection with C. pneumoniae usually occurs between 5 and 18 years of age. The incidence of pneumonia varies with age and is negligible in children under 5 years of age, then increases, reaching its highest rate in the elderly. C. pneumoniae also causes asthma exacerbations. Pneumonia and bronchitis caused by this microorganism are usually mild. Severe cases are generally associated with concomitant infection. In chlamydial infections, the production of specific antibodies of all classes is relatively late. IgM antibodies are produced in the 2nd and 3rd weeks after the onset of the disease, IgA and IgG antibodies from the 6th to 8th week. Generally speaking, in primary infection, IgM and IgA concentrations peak and decline significantly, while IgG concentrations remain high after reaching the peak; in chronic infection, IgM concentrations decline, and IgA and IgG concentrations plateau. The interpretation of seroconversion variants for C. pneumoniae infection, for individual antibody classes, is presented below. IgM: the presence of IgM in the absence of IgA and/or IgG indicates a recent primary infection; IgM is generally not produced in reinfections; IgA: is produced later than IgM; its increase is typical of reinfections; it is considered a marker of active infection. IgG: the isolated presence of IgG antibodies without clinical signs of disease is characteristic of the postinfectious period, indicating a past infection. Seroconversion, or a fourfold increase in antibody concentration in serum samples from two collections: at the onset of the disease and after 2-3 weeks, is a clear indication of active infection. Chlamydia-specific antibodies may persist for a long time (months or even years), which does not indicate active infection.

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