Anti-TSH receptor antibodies – TRab

• The material for testing is blood.
• The patient does not need to fast. It is recommended to drink a glass of water approximately 30 minutes before the examination.

Thyroid diseases are among the most common conditions worldwide. It is estimated that nearly 20% of the Polish population suffers from thyroid dysfunction, and Graves' disease affects 0.14% of Poles.
Anti-TSH receptor-stimulating antibodies (TRAb) play a key role in the induction of hyperthyroidism in Graves' disease. These antibodies directly stimulate thyrocytes to produce the hormones thyroxine and triiodothyronine, and their persistence in serum is associated with active disease. Other antibodies, recognizing various antigenic structures of thyroid follicular cells, are also present in the blood of people with Graves' disease. These antibodies include anti-thyroglobulin antibodies, anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies, and anti-membrane antibodies. Graves' disease is a chronic condition with periods of exacerbation and remission, with a highly variable clinical picture. In rare cases, Graves' disease may coexist with Hashimoto's thyroiditis, or one disease may transform into the other. In such cases, both TRAb and anti-TPO antibodies may be present in the blood.
Graves' disease manifests in genetically predisposed individuals, often under the influence of unfavorable external factors such as stress, excessive iodine intake, or infections—both viral and bacterial. A genetic predisposition to this condition is supported by familial history and coexistence with other autoimmune diseases such as type 1 diabetes, Addison's disease, vitiligo, and others.

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