ANCA antibodies by immunoblot (MPO, PR3)

• The material for testing is blood.
• The patient does not need to fast. It is recommended to drink a glass of water approximately 30 minutes before the examination.

Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) are autoantibodies against antigens located in the cytoplasmic granules of neutrophils and monocytes. ANCAs detected by IIFT, which exhibit a granular fluorescence pattern evenly distributed throughout the cytoplasm of granulocytes, except for the nucleus, are called cANCA (cytoplasmic pattern). ANCAs may also exhibit a predominantly smooth, sometimes finely granular fluorescence pattern, resembling a ribbon wrapping around the nucleus of granulocytes, called pANCA (perinuclear pattern). Atypical cANCA and pANCA patterns are also possible.
Antigens associated with ANCA include:
– MPO (myeloperoxidase), an enzyme primarily associated with the pANCA fluorescence pattern;
– PR3 (proteinase 3, myeloblasts), an enzyme primarily associated with the cANCA fluorescence pattern.
ANCA/small vessel vasculitis-associated autoimmune diseases include:
– Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), formerly known as Wegener's granulomatosis (WG),
– Microscopic polyangiitis (MPA),
– Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA), formerly known as Churg-Strauss syndrome (CSS),
– Immune complex-associated vasculitis:
a) anti-glomerulonephritis associated with glomerulonephritis (anti-GBM glomerulonephritis),
b) Goodpasture's syndrome (rapidly evolving glomerulonephritis). associated with anti-GBM antibodies with pulmonary bleeding).

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