Anti-endomysial and anti-gliadin IgG antibodies

• The material for testing is blood.
• The patient does not need to fast. It is recommended to drink a glass of water approximately 30 minutes before the examination.

Before the test, you should not eliminate foods containing gluten from your diet.

This is a serological test that detects autoantibodies associated with celiac disease and several other gluten-related conditions. These tests detect autoantibodies produced in the body in response to dietary proteins (gluten and gliadin) found in grains (wheat, rye, and barley). These autoantibodies cause intestinal inflammation and destruction of the intestinal lining. This results in symptoms of malabsorption and malnutrition, such as diarrhea, weakness, weight loss, abdominal pain, bloating, exhaustion, oral ulcers, a tendency to bleed, bone and joint pain, and anemia. Adults may experience depression and a general feeling of illness, while children are often restless and exhibit delayed growth and development.

Gliadin and endomysium (reticulin) antibody testing is performed to confirm the diagnosis of gluten-sensitive enteropathy (celiac disease in children, nontropical sprue in adults) and Duhring's dermatitis herpetiformis (a chronic blistering skin condition). It should also be performed in celiac patients with blood to detect a predisposition to gluten-sensitive enteropathy. Evaluation of these antibodies is also useful for disease monitoring, gluten-free diet monitoring, and gluten challenge testing.

IgA anti-gliadin and endomysium antibodies are virtually absent in healthy individuals and those with other intestinal conditions, and their prevalence among untreated individuals with gluten-sensitive enteropathy is nearly 100%.

The following serological tests detecting specific autoantibodies are used to diagnose celiac disease:

IgA anti-tissue transglutaminase antibodies (anti-tTG)

Anti-endomysial antibodies (anti-EmA)

Anti-gliadin antibodies (AGA) IgG and IgA

All serological tests used to diagnose celiac disease allow for the determination of the concentration of the appropriate IgG and IgA autoantibodies in the blood.
IgG and IgA are two of the five classes of antibodies produced by the immune system in response to the presence of antigens.
Although both IgG and IgA antibodies are present in the blood, they are not equally specific for celiac disease.
Most often, IgA autoantibodies are more specific and in some cases only IgA tests are performed.
IgG testing is ordered either as a complement to IgA testing or in patients with a general deficiency of IgA antibodies.
IgA deficiency occurs in about 2% of cases of celiac disease and may cause false-negative serological test results.

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