Total PSA

• The material for testing is blood.
• The patient does not need to fast. It is recommended to drink a glass of water approximately 30 minutes before the examination.
• Due to the possibility of falsely elevated results, the test should not be performed immediately after a biopsy, transureteral resection, palpation, sexual intercourse, or competitive cycling. In such cases, the test should be performed after 48 hours.

Prostate cancer is the second most common type of cancer in men, occurring in 50% of men over the age of 70.
As with other cancers, early diagnosis is the basis for a full recovery.

PSA (prostate-specific antigen) is a glycoprotein with a molecular weight of approximately 34,000 daltons.
It is present in healthy, benign hypertrophic and cancerous prostate tissue, as well as in prostatic and seminal fluid.
PSA occurs in serum in several different forms, but only the free form and the alpha-1 chymotrypsin-bound form (ACT) are biologically active.

Elevated PSA levels occur in patients with prostate cancer, benign prostatic hyperplasia, and inflammation of other genitourinary organs adjacent to the prostate, but are absent in healthy patients and in patients with cancers other than prostate cancer.
Serum PSA testing is not recommended as a screening test for prostate cancer.
However, when combined with clinical data, PSA testing is useful in diagnosing prostate cancer, early detection of recurrence, and monitoring treatment.

Factors that may influence test results:
It is recommended that a blood sample be drawn before any prostate surgery. Prostate massage, ultrasound, or fine-needle biopsy can cause clinically significant increases in PSA levels. PSA levels may also be elevated immediately after ejaculation.
In most cases, performing the test immediately after
digital rectal examination does not result in a clinically significant increase in PSA levels.

Hormone therapy may affect the test results.

Potentially interfering endogenous substances, drugs and chemotherapeutics:

Bilirubin ≤ 20 mg/dL
Hemoglobin ≤ 500 mg/dL
Total protein ≤ 12.0 g/dL
Prostatic acid phosphatase ≤ 1000 ng/mL
Triglycerides ≤ 3000 mg/dL
Hytrin ≤ 10 μg/mL
Proscar ≤ 25 μg/mL
Flomax ≤ 1 μg/mL

Chemotherapeutics:

Cyclophosphamide ≤ 700 μg/mL
Diethylstilbestrol ≤ 2 μg/mL
Doxorubicin hydrochloride ≤ 16 μg/mL
Estramustine phosphate ≤ 200 μg/mL
Flutamide ≤ 10 μg/mL
Goserelin acetate ≤ 100 ng/mL
Lupron ≤ 100 μg/mL
Megestrol acetate ≤ 90 μg/mL
Methotrexate ≤ 30 μg/mL
According to the manufacturer’s instructions, these compounds at the given concentrations caused interference in PSA assays at the level of ≤ 10%.

Ordering a test means consenting to its performance using the chemiluminescence method.

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