Urine sediment cytology

• The test material is urine from the second void (portion) of the day, after several hours of retention in the bladder. Morning urine after an overnight rest is not suitable for testing because cells are exposed to prolonged overnight exposure to uric acid. The minimum urine volume for testing is 30 ml. Urine should be collected in a container similar to that for urinalysis.
  The container with urine, labeled with your name, should be delivered to the laboratory as soon as possible.

• Women should take the test at least 3 days after their period.

To perform the test, it is absolutely necessary to:
– attach the results of urinary system ultrasound/cystoscopy if such a test was performed,
– attach the results of histopathological tests performed in the process of treatment of the urinary system/bladder cancer, if such a test was performed.

Urine cytology is a non-invasive, simple, and accessible test that helps detect neoplastic lesions in the urothelium, particularly in the bladder. It is also useful in post-oncological treatment follow-up to detect recurrence. It also enables the detection of transitional cell carcinoma of the urothelium in the preclinical phase, long before radiographic and endoscopic diagnosis. This test is also useful in detecting carcinoma in situ, malignant papilloma, and carcinoma in the bladder diverticulum.
The combined use of bladder ultrasound and urine cytology is crucial for diagnostic purposes. This procedure increases the detection of neoplastic processes and simultaneously reduces the frequency of bladder endoscopy (cystoscopy). These two non-invasive and painless tests (ultrasound + cytology) can now partially replace the previously commonly used cystoscopy, which is not always well tolerated by patients.
Urine cytology is highly sensitive for highly malignant (low-grade) tumors. It is used in preventive care and for follow-up examinations of patients treated for bladder or upper urinary tract cancer.
Bladder cancer is a common disease in humans, accounting for approximately 2-3% of all malignant tumors. It occurs more frequently in men and is the second most common cancer of the genitourinary system, after prostate cancer. In men over 45 years of age with a genetic predisposition or exposure to carcinogenic factors, a urine cytology test should be performed annually.

Indications for performing the test:

• urinary tract complaints, especially when hematuria or gross hematuria occur, or a proliferative process is suspected;
• patients with a diagnosed and treated bladder tumor – for early detection of a possible recurrence;
• long-term, difficult-to-treat urinary tract infections;
• post-menopausal women suffering from various types of pain originating from the urinary tract;
• people exposed to increased exposure to carcinogenic factors (e.g. aniline dyes used in the chemical industry);
• heavy smoking.

Urine collected for cytological examination is assessed by an experienced pathologist according to the Paris system, in accordance with the 2017 PTP recommendations.

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