High fever – in children, in adults, to treat or not?
The commonly known body temperature value of 36.6°C occurs very rarely. Physiologically, temperature norms depend on age and gender. In infants, the temperature may range between 36.2 and 37°C, older individuals may have a slightly lower body temperature, and in women, it will depend on the phase of the menstrual cycle. An increase in temperature is always a cause for concern, indicating that something is happening within the body.
We talk with pediatrician Grażyna Polak-Kocon about what fever is and what to do when it reaches high levels .
What is fever from a medical point of view?
There is no clear definition of fever. It is very rarely a spontaneous symptom. Most often, it is the body's response to certain illnesses. Body temperature is shaped by the body's internal environment, which can only function within certain temperature ranges.
What do these values depend on?
"We learned that 36.6°C is the physiological norm. Body temperature depends on many factors. The method of measurement is important, as oral and rectal temperatures are usually 0.5-0.8°C higher than those measured in the armpit. The time of day, medications taken, and individual body characteristics also play a role. It is assumed that the average body temperature is 36.8°C, with a 24-hour fluctuation of approximately 1.3°C.
Generally, the range of 37-38°C is considered a subfebrile state, 38.5-39.5°C a moderate fever, and 39.5-40.5°C a significant, i.e. high, fever.
What are the most common causes of fever?
"Fever is always a symptom, an alarm signal that something is happening in the body. It's the body's natural and normal response to an external attack. It means that our immune system has enough strength to stimulate the body to fight the disease. High fever can occur in the course of many infectious diseases, such as the flu, strep throat, and bronchitis. It is often caused by various digestive ailments, such as poisoning or intestinal flu.".
Should a fever be brought down quickly?
"Fever makes us anxious, and we want to get rid of it as quickly as possible. However, we shouldn't try to reduce the fever abruptly with strong pharmacological drugs. We need to treat the cause, not the fever itself. In fact, a high temperature is our ally in the fight against illness. Before we start reducing the temperature with strong medications, let's wait 2-3 days and give our immune system a chance. However, let's keep a close eye on whether the symptoms are worsening alarmingly quickly. If the body is strong, it will fight the disease, and the fever will fulfill its physiological function.".
High fever in children and adults?
– A fever above 39°C is a condition that burdens the body, so it is necessary to consult a doctor.
Whenever a fever persists at a high level for more than a few days (especially in children and the elderly), if it is recurrent, or if it is accompanied by other symptoms (e.g., severe headache, vomiting, difficulty breathing or chest pain, abdominal pain, rash). Parents of infants and young children should be especially vigilant, as their body temperature can rise rapidly. Fever should be monitored frequently in such children.
When to give medication and when to take your child to the doctor?
– If a child develops a temperature above 38°C, it is an indication for a visit to the doctor and the administration of antipyretic medication. A temperature between 37 and 37.9°C is considered a low-grade fever, which does not require medication in children. However, it is important to remain vigilant and take appropriate action if the temperature rises. A low-grade fever that persists for several days is also an indication for consultation with a doctor. Symptoms occurring in children include excessive drowsiness, headache, blurred vision, seizures, abdominal pain, vomiting, rapid and restless breathing, and dehydration, which also require immediate medical attention.
What symptoms accompany high fever? Treatment
"Elevated temperatures are often accompanied by sweating and a feeling of heat, or chills and a feeling of cold. Because the body is fighting the virus, a person with a fever usually sleeps a lot. Therefore, it is necessary to hydrate the patient, rest, and sleep. If the fever is accompanied by fever and sweating, you can gradually and gently apply cold compresses to the forehead, neck, and groin. If the temperature rises rapidly, you can prepare a cool bath (water 1-2°C cooler than body temperature). If the fever is accompanied by chills, you should induce sweating. You can give the patient warm linden blossom tea, raspberry tea, or juice. It's also important to humidify the air. If you don't have a humidifier, even home remedies like hanging wet towels on a radiator will work. The optimal room temperature should be around 21°C-22°C, and the room should be regularly aired.".
Thank you for the interview
Frequently asked questions – FAQ
What is a fever?
Fever is an elevated body temperature, most often associated with the body's response to an infection. It is a symptom, not a disease in itself.
When does a temperature constitute a fever?
A fever is usually considered to be a temperature of around 38°C. However, it's important to remember that the result depends on the measurement site, the patient's age, and the general condition of the body.
Does a fever always need to be brought down?
Not always. The decision depends on the temperature, well-being, age, and comorbidities. Antipyretic treatment is usually used when the fever is very uncomfortable or high.
How to bring down a fever in a child?
Children can be given antipyretics appropriate for their age and weight, as recommended by their doctor or the leaflet. Hydration, wearing light clothing, and observing their behavior are also important.
How to reduce a fever in an adult?
Adults should rest, stay hydrated, wear breathable clothing, and, if necessary, take antipyretics. If you have a chronic illness or are taking medication, it's best to consult your doctor before choosing a medication.
What not to do when you have a fever?
Do not use cold baths, alcohol rubs, overheat the patient, or combine antipyretic medications without consulting a doctor. Do not use medications intended exclusively for adults in children.
When is a fever dangerous?
A very high fever, rising rapidly, lasting for several days, combined with shortness of breath, stiff neck, rash, impaired consciousness, dehydration, severe pain or deterioration of the general condition is cause for concern.
When should you see a doctor with a fever?
You should see a doctor if your baby has a fever, a very high temperature, symptoms of dehydration, shortness of breath, severe pain, rash, seizures, changes in consciousness or if the fever does not go away.
The information contained in this article is for general informational and educational purposes only. It is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. It is recommended that you consult a physician or other qualified healthcare professional for advice regarding specific symptoms, ailments, or health conditions.