Depression in children

Depression in children. They rarely talk about their own affairs, are nervous, irritable, have learning difficulties, sometimes complain of headaches, and have a loss of appetite. Because the symptoms do not impair the child's functioning, they are often downplayed, and childhood depression often goes undiagnosed.

Experts warn that depressive disorders are affecting children at an increasingly younger age. The statistics are alarming. They report that major depression affects 1% of preschoolers, approximately 2% of school-age children, and nearly 8% of adolescents. Nearly 40% of primary school children feel they have no meaning in life, and nearly 30% have suicidal thoughts.

What are the symptoms of depression in a child?

Psychological literature describing childhood depression presents various aspects. It often manifests itself in a negative self-perception. Other symptoms may include frequent illnesses and various somatic complaints. Depression can manifest as isolation from peers, low mood, apathy, irritability, and slowed movement.

The child is unable to express their feelings or describe the problems they are experiencing. They won't say they're depressed or anxious, as such concepts are unfamiliar to them. Instead, they complain of feeling unwell, are apathetic, and avoid contact with others. They experience autonomic symptoms – heart palpitations, excessive sweating, abdominal pain, diarrhea alternating with constipation. They exhibit aversion to food and physical activity, and have sleep disorders.

Preschool children suffering from depression may experience delays or regression in their development, for example, they may be unable to perform tasks they previously mastered. The child's appearance is also characteristic: a sad facial expression and anxiety.

However, it's important to remember that similar symptoms can accompany serious physical illnesses, so they should first be ruled out. If the pediatrician doesn't identify any internal causes for the child's discomfort, you should take your child to a psychiatrist.

Untreated depression lasts a long time—months or even years. It rarely resolves on its own. In teenagers, it can lead to risky behavior (alcohol, drugs) and even suicide attempts.

Where to look for the causes of depression in children?

The reasons are quite complex. The occurrence of depression in a child depends on their individual biological and psychological characteristics, as well as their environment – ​​family relationships, peer relationships, relationships at school, etc.

When describing depression in children, specialists cite so-called endogenous depressions, meaning those that don't stem from specific life events. Young patients suffer from this condition as a result of biochemical dysfunction. A child with endogenous depression may be surrounded by love, live in a safe home, and have no problems at school, yet still feel unwell.

Another cause of depression in children is the social and societal environment. And it's not just that a child is worried about the family's financial situation, unemployment, or the uncertainty of the future. Rather, it's the atmosphere at home and the prevailing family relationships. When parents are upset and filled with negative emotions, it causes a child to lose their sense of support, security, and confidence.

School is also stressful for many children. We're not talking about tests or a demanding teacher, of course, as such fears have existed as long as schooling itself. Rather, we should focus on the ubiquitous competition, or as it's now called, the "rat race." From a young age, children are expected to compete and outperform their competitors. If they are less talented and unable to meet the standards, they develop anxiety, frustration, and resentment. They blame themselves for letting their parents down, which leads to depressive disorders.

Confirmation and treatment of depression in children

Confirming the diagnosis of depression in a child is achieved through psychological tests developed specifically for specific age groups. These tests allow for the assessment of the problem and the development of appropriate treatment. The treatment model for depression in children and adolescents should be holistic, taking into account the child's development and the family life cycle. In addition to individual psychotherapy and family therapy, medication may also be included.

The task of parents and adults is to help young people find happiness and self-satisfaction. Show them that life is worth living and pursuing their goals. If necessary, this can be achieved with the assistance of a specialist.

Parents who notice disturbing symptoms in their children's behavior are invited to consult with the Luxmed Medical Center's psychological and psychiatric clinic. See the list of doctors »